The Weekly Homeland Security Newsletter
31 March 2006

Federal News

GAO Smuggles Radioactive Material Across Border in Test of Security (Washington Post) “Congressional investigators testing U.S. port security smuggled enough radioactive material into the United States last year to make two radiological ‘dirty’ bombs, officials told a Senate panel” on Tuesday, reports the Washington Post. “In December, undercover teams from the Government Accountability Office, Congress’s audit arm, carried small amounts of cesium-137—a radioactive material used for cancer therapy, industrial gauges and well logging—in the trunks of rental cars through border checkpoints in Texas and Washington state. The material triggered radiation alarms, but the smugglers used false documents to persuade U.S. Customs and Border Protection inspectors to let them through with it.” [View article] [View abstract of GAO testimony]

Combating Nuclear Smuggling: Three GAO Reports The departments of Energy, Defense, and State have spent about $178 million since fiscal year 1994 to provide radiation-detection equipment and training to 36 countries. However, these departments face challenges that could compromise their efforts, such as corruption of foreign border security officials, technical limitations, inadequate maintenance of some equipment, and the lack of supporting infrastructure at some border sites, according to Gene Aloise, the Government Accountability Office’s Director of Natural Resources and Environment, who testified Tuesday before the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs). [View abstract of testimony] [View abstract on foreign ports] [View abstract on U.S. ports]

Experts Urge Protection Against Nuclear Attack (Government Executive) At Tuesday’s Senate Hearing on nuclear smuggling, seven other experts testified besides the GAO’s Aloise. They said that “the United States remains too vulnerable to a nuclear or dirty bomb attack and called on Congress and the White House to increase federal efforts aimed at preventing the smuggling of such dangerous materials,” according to CongressDaily. Five senators made statements as well. [View hearing website] [View article]

Senate Study Finds Big Gaps in Cargo Container Security (San Diego Union-Tribune) “The number of high-risk cargo containers inspected before entering the United States is ‘staggeringly low,’ and government efforts to keep terrorists from exploiting the system are riddled with blind spots,” according to a study by a “Senate Homeland Security subcommittee,” reports Copley News Service. “… Experts say the system is vulnerable to the smuggling of a nuclear, chemical or biological weapon, or a direct attack by terrorists intent on crippling the U.S. economy.” [View article]

U.S. Would Have Been Safer With Dubai Company at Ports, Says Chertoff (USA Today) “The U.S. missed an opportunity to make its shores safer when it drove away a Dubai-based company poised to operate cargo terminals at several American seaports, Department of Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff said” on 23 March, reports the Associated Press. “In a speech to the Council on Foreign Relations, Chertoff said the international shipping firm DP World could have helped implement stronger security at many ports where the U.S. now has limited influence. ‘We could (have) actually built in some additional assurances, which would have given us more security in the wake of the deal than we had before the deal,’ Chertoff said. ‘… had the deal gone forward, we would have had greater ability to impose a security regime worldwide on the company than we have now.’” [View article]

British Dept. for Transport photo
Foreign Practices Can Help Guide Passenger Rail Security U.S. rail passenger systems have taken some of the same steps as foreign systems have to improve security: customer awareness programs, increasing the number and visibility of security personnel, and upgrading security technology, according to the Government Accountability Office. GAO also observed some security practices that it did not see employed in the United States: covert testing to help keep employees alert, random passenger screening, and centralized clearinghouses for rail security technologies. The practices may warrant further examination, said JayEtta Hecker, GAO’s Director of Physical Infrastructure Issues, testifying on Wednesday before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Highways, Transit, and Pipelines (Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure). [View abstract]

New DoT Efforts May Reveal Undeclared Hazmat Shipments “Approximately 1,000 undeclared hazmat incidents were reported in 2005, with 70 of those involving undeclared shipments entering the United States,” according to the Government Accountability Office. Yet “the federal government has no specific program aimed at discovering the amount of undeclared hazmat entering the United States; undeclared hazmat is discovered mainly through inspection and regulatory efforts directed primarily at imported cargo,” However, new legal authority allows “inspectors to open and inspect cargo when they have ‘an objectively reasonable and articulable belief that the package may contain a hazardous material.’ Previously, they could not generally open and inspect packages without a warrant or the shipper’s consent.” The Transportation Department also “now requires individuals who discover undeclared hazmat in transportation to self-report the discovery.” [View abstract]

TSA Revokes Permit for J.H. World Express to Ship Cargo on Passenger Aircraft The Transportation Security Administration last week announced that J.H. World Express, based in Los Angeles, does not meet security standards and that its certification for shipments on passenger aircraft is being revoked. Numerous compliance inspections at the J.H. World Express cargo facility found repeat, multiple violations. [View press release]

Former Federal Prosecutor and State Dept. Agent Indicted for False Evidence and Obstructing Justice in Terrorism Trial A former federal prosecutor and a State Department special agent were indicted Wednesday by a federal grand jury in Detroit on charges of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and making false declarations in the 2003 terrorism trial United States v. Koubriti. Former Assistant U.S. Attorney Richard Convertino and Regional Security Officer Harry Raymond Smith III were named in the indictment. Convertino was also charged with obstruction of justice in a second criminal case. [View press release]

LetsGoHonduras photo
Honduran Port of Cortes Joins U.S. Container Security Initiative The Port of Cortes in Honduras is the first Central American port to join the Container Security Initiative. U.S. Customs and Border Protection will deploy a multidisciplinary team of officers to be stationed at the Port of Cortes to target maritime containers destined for the United States. Honduran Customs officials, working with CBP officers, will be responsible for screening any containers identified as a potential terrorist risk. Cortes is the 44th port worldwide to join the initiative. The port also has joined the National Nuclear Security Administration’s MegaPorts Initiative, under which the United States will install radiological detection equipment in the port. [View press release]

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National News

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National Guard Bureau Holds Pandemic Influenza Exercise (Wilmington, DE, News Journal) “Fifty-four National Guard units around the country” participated in “a table-top exercise on pandemic influenza” on 24 March, reports the News Journal. The National Guard “groups were asked to respond to a theoretical worst-case scenario—an avian flu pandemic that cripples the country. But what was revealed was the need for more preparation for basic problems, such as how to deliver water and food to citizens while protecting the first responders from exposure. Despite the questions, one thing is clear: individual states must take responsibility for themselves. If the disease spreads nationwide, the federal government will likely be too overwhelmed to respond in a timely manner, officials said.” [View article]

TSA Shifting Security to Part-Timers (Atlanta Business Chronicle) “The Transportation Security Administration is counting on part-timers” to staff “the airport checkpoints, after steady budget cuts have slashed the agency’s full-time staff from 54,000 positions nationwide in 2002 to 43,000 in 2006,” reports the Atlanta Business Chronicle. “… the agency wants part-timers to make up 20 percent of its work force.… The TSA is hiring only part-timers now … to replace full-timers who quit, retire or relocate.” [View article]

Railyards Are Still Vulnerable (New York Times) “Since 9/11, railroads have spent millions to install fences and security cameras and add additional officers … but industry officials concede that their facilities are far too large to be completely sealed,” reports the New York Times. “… Railroad officials say their self-imposed security measures have provided a web of security far more effective and sophisticated than that in virtually any other industry.… major rail carriers have spent more than $200 million since 9/11 on security measures, including fences and motion detectors, training, high-tech scanning devices, and tracking to monitor the shipment of some dangerous cargo.… the industry opposed [a] plan to reroute shipments because it would actually increase the chance of an accident by forcing trains to haul the tankers full of toxic chemicals for longer distances, over older, less well-maintained rails.” [View article]

DHS Will Fingerprint Merchant Sailors (Washington Post) The Homeland Security Department “plans to collect digital fingerprints of merchant sailors arriving at American ports,” reports the Associated Press. “… immigration inspectors at major cargo terminals would be given hand-held scanners that photograph a sailor and capture his fingerprints. The data then would be checked against the 1.5 million names on U.S. lists of terror suspects, criminal fugitives and immigration violators.” [View article]

South of the Border, Fence Is No Deterrent (Christian Science Monitor) “On the south side of the border, there seems to be consensus that enforcement measures will deter almost no one,” reports the Christian Science Monitor. Migrants “arrive from all over Mexico, Central America, even as far away as Colombia, and Brazil.” If they don’t make it across the border into the United States, “they will simply try again.” [View article]

Police Depts. Find It Hard to Fill Jobs (Washington Post) “Police departments around the country are contending with a shortage of officers and trying to lure new applicants with signing bonuses, eased standards, house down payments and extra vacation time,” reports the Washington Post. “… departments have dropped their zero-tolerance policy on drug use and past gang association, eased restrictions on applicants with bad credit ratings, and tweaked physical requirements to make room for more female candidates or smaller male candidates, police officials said. Departments also offer crash courses in reading and remedial English for the written parts of the entrance exam, and provide strength and agility coaches for the physical part—all of which have raised concerns about how qualified some of the new personnel will be.” [View article]

Former Soviet Weapons Power U.S. Reactors (USA Today) “Nuclear materials from Soviet warheads that once threatened U.S. cities are now helping to light them up,” reports USA Today. “With little fanfare, U.S. utilities have been buying uranium that once sat in Soviet nuclear weapons to fuel civilian nuclear power reactors. The program supplies half the uranium used by U.S. nuclear plants which, in turn, generate 20% of all U.S. commercial power.” [View article]

A New Game Plan for Hurricane Seasons (New York Times) “Federal and state emergency officials promised a different approach on Tuesday to the coming hurricane season, saying they would no longer use ‘last resort’ shelters like the Superdome to house displaced residents,” reports the New York Times. “Instead, they said, they will put into effect a better system of communication and evacuation to get residents away from the path of a storm.” [View article]

Immigration Law Protest Is Largest Demonstration in Los Angeles History (Los Angeles Times) “Thousands of students walked out of high schools in Los Angeles and across Southern California” on Monday “as protests against restrictions on immigration spread across the city for a fourth day,” reports the Los Angeles Times. And “at the U.S. Capitol, more than 100 demonstrators wore handcuffs to protest a bill passed by the House last year that would criminalize illegal immigration. In Detroit, more than a thousand Latinos marched against the House bill, continuing a weekend of protests that brought hundreds of thousands into the streets in Los Angeles, Phoenix, Denver, Dallas and Milwaukee.… hundreds of high school students walked out in Dallas.” On Tuesday, “what was initially expected to draw fewer than 20,000 ballooned into a massive march that police estimated at 500,000 and said was one of the largest demonstrations in Los Angeles’ history.” [View Monday’s article] [View Tuesday’s article]

Nuclear Security Administration Warns of Unsecured Reactors (USA Today) “One-third of the world’s 130 civilian nuclear research reactors lack security upgrades needed to prevent theft of materials that terrorists could use to build an atomic bomb … says” Linton Brooks, director of the National Nuclear Security Administration, in an interview with USA Today. Brooks “said most of these reactors use highly enriched uranium, the easiest fuel used to make atomic bombs. ‘Fresh’ highly enriched uranium—the supply not yet used in reactors—is” a serious threat because it is “hard to detect and safe enough to handle with bare hands.” [View article]

Border Patrol to Expand UAV Usage (Federal Computer Week) “U.S. Border Patrol officials plan to monitor a larger area of the southwest border with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which has been in use since September 2005,” reports Federal Computer Week. Chief David Aguilar says “that officials will increase the UAV surveillance footprint from 150 miles to 300 miles in Arizona” and “will start using a second UAV in Arizona by June.” Aguilar said that “the technology has helped agents make more than 1,000 apprehensions and many drug seizures” and that it’s “been valuable in helping improve officers’ safety because they can use UAVs in certain situations before they intervene” and that UAVs “also act as a deterrent.” [View article]

Experts Say Security System Checks Take Too Long (Federal Computer Week) “Current security certification and accreditation (C&A) processes for federal information systems are too slow and don’t reflect the modern network environment, a panel of federal information-sharing experts said” on Tuesday, reports Federal Computer Week. “The processes can take so long that the products undergoing C&A can be obsolete by the time they are approved … Many C&A procedures in use, particularly those for intelligence systems, date from the pre-network and pre-Internet eras.” [View article]

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International News

Iran Given Stark Nuclear Choice (BBC) “Iran has been given 30 days to return to the negotiating table or face isolation, foreign ministers from the US and five other major powers warned,” reports the British Broadcasting Corporation. The warning reinforced the United Nations Security Council’s “non-binding call on Iran to end uranium enrichment,” issued Wednesday. [View article]

Iran Wants to Set Up Nuclear Fuel Facility (Yahoo! News) “Iran has proposed setting up a nuclear fuel production facility within its borders with international help,” reports the Associated Press. “… The new Iranian proposal is an alternative to Russia’s offer to host Iran’s nuclear fuel production as a way to ease concerns that enrichment conducted in Iran could be used to develop weapons.… Russia said its enrichment offer was contingent on Iran resuming a moratorium on domestic enrichment, but the Iranians rejected that link.” [View article]

London Underground Attacks Weren’t a Security Failure, Parliament Concludes (London Guardian) Members of Parliament “have concluded that the intelligence and security services could not be blamed for failing to prevent the July 7 [2005] attacks,” reports the Guardian. “But the cross-party intelligence and security committee has questioned why the lead bomber, Mohammad Sidique Khan, was not fully investigated despite being known to security officials, the BBC said.” [View article]

U.S. to Pay Foreign Firm to Help Run Nuclear Detectors (CNN) “The Bush administration will negotiate to station American customs inspectors at the largest seaport in the Bahamas, where the United States is hiring a Hong Kong conglomerate to help detect nuclear materials inside cargo,” reports the Associated Press. The “no-bid, $6 million contract the administration is finalizing with Hutchison Whampoa Ltd.” represented “the first time a foreign company” would have been “involved in running sophisticated U.S. radiation-detection equipment at an overseas port without American customs agents present.” [View article]

Saudi Security Forces Foil Terror Attacks (Johannesburg [South Africa] Mail and Guardian) “Saudi security forces discovered and disarmed explosive devices planted in two separate vehicles near Saudi Arabia’s largest oil refinery, Abqaiq, the Saudi newspaper al-Riyadh reported on Wednesday,” according to the Mail and Guardian. “The paper said security forces broke into a house in al-Muntaar town on Tuesday where Saudi Arabian Oil Company Aramco employees live, to find two booby-trapped cars with the company’s logo on them.… several bombs, machine guns and explosive materials were found,” and “around 40 suspected terrorists were arrested.” On 24 February, security forces stopped another attack on “the Abqaiq oil refinery. Two terrorists were killed … Later the police shot and killed five persons suspected of … planning that attack.” [View article]

Jordan Confirms First Cases of Avian Flu (Washington Post) “Jordan confirmed its first cases of bird flu on [24 March] in domesticated turkeys north of the capital, finding that up to four of the birds had died of the deadly H5N1 strain of the virus,” reports the Associated Press. “Turkey, Iraq and Egypt are the only countries in the region where people have died of the H5N1 strain, which has killed a total of 105 people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. But the discovery of sick birds in several Middle Eastern countries has led to extensive slaughters.” [View article]

C-TPAT Seminars Around the Globe (Canadian Transportation and Logistics) “Beginning in April, the International Cargo Security Council (ICSC) will be offering 11 seminars in Asia, Europe, Canada and Mexico on C-TPAT, or the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism, which is a voluntary government-business initiative designed to strengthen the international supply chain and U.S. border security,” reports Canadian Transportation and Logistics. [View article] [View seminar schedule]

DHS Will Help Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay (Yahoo! News) “Agents from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security will soon be helping Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay combat money laundering and terrorism financing,” reports the Associated Press. “… A focus will be the porous border region where Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina meet, an area American authorities have long considered a source of fundraising for radical Islamic groups.” Agents will work “with local law enforcement and customs officials, they will set up units to investigate and prosecute an array of financial crimes, that also include contraband smuggling and tax evasion.” [View article]

Latin American Crime Networks Linked to Terrorists (Miami Herald) “Middle Eastern terrorist groups rely on criminal organizations in Latin America to acquire false passports and raise funds, although there is no evidence they operate directly in the region,” according to the State Department, reports the Associated Press. “‘We are not aware of any operational cells in this hemisphere by al Qaeda, Hezbollah or Hamas,’ said Harry Crumpton, antiterrorism coordinator at the U.S. State Department. ‘But we do have information that these organizations raise money in the hemisphere and are tied in to transnational criminal networks.’” Crumpton “was in Bogotá for a three-day meeting of the Inter-American Committee Against Terrorism.” [View article]

EU Scraps Biometric Chip in Visa Plan (Security Document World) The European Union has decided “to scrap the use of contactless chips within European visas,” reports Security Document World. “… The decision was made in light of durability and ‘collision’ problems occurring when biometric-based chips into visas are positioned in close proximity to the chips now being embedded into ePassports.” [View article]

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State and Local News

New York Drill Tests Response to Hazmat Bomb (New York Times) “How would New York City respond if a bomb filled with arsenic trichloride, a highly toxic liquid compound, were to explode on a freight train moving through a Queens railyard—just when a commuter train carrying weekend passengers was traveling in the other direction?” asks the New York Times. “… That nightmarish situation was the basis for a four-hour simulation [Sunday] involving 1,500 police officers, firefighters and other emergency workers.” [View article]

CA Dept. of Water Resources photo
Disaster Waiting in California Levees? (East [San Francisco] Bay Business Times) “In a major quake, dozens of [San Joaquin] Delta levees would falter, submerging Lower Ninth Ward-size chunks of Sacramento suburbs and sucking saltwater up the Delta, contaminating the water supply of 23 million,” according to the East Bay Business Times. “According to one” University of California–Davis “study, there is a 64 percent chance of that nightmare scenario becoming a reality in the next 50 years. Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger learned the lesson of Hurricane Katrina and issued an emergency declaration Feb. 24 to free up $75 million to $100 million in state funds for 24 of the weakest levees along the lower Sacramento. A federal declaration is needed to bring additional resources for levee repair.” [View editorial]

Houston Airport Volunteer Rangers Patrol on Horseback (Washington Post) About 800 volunteers “make up the Houston Airport Rangers, a post–Sept. 11, low-tech project created to increase security at the nation’s fourth-largest airport system,” reports the Washington Post. This “group of vetted urban cowpokes” with “their trusty horses” has “passed background checks, they’re trained, they’re badged, and they patrol the perimeter of Houston’s largest airport looking for anything unusual.” Boston’s Logan Airport also has amateurs on patrol. Though it initially banned the “clammers long accustomed to digging in Boston Harbor off the airport’s shoreline,” later the airport had the clammers “undergo a security check, wear badges and special vests while working the mudflats, and report suspicious activity.” [View article]

Oklahoma Expands Regional Response System The Oklahoma Office of Homeland Security has assigned five new Regional Hazardous Materials Response Units to the communities of Claremore, Lawton, Moore/Norman, Oklahoma City, and Tulsa. The units are the largest component of the five-tiered Oklahoma Regional Response System. They are strategically placed along the Interstate 44 corridor and can respond to any disaster, not just hazmat incidents. [View press release]

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Dual-Benefit Solutions

Video Surveillance Gets Smart (Federal Computer Week) “Video surveillance is evolving from a reactive into a proactive technology” and many companies “are offering systems that monitor security situations and enforce pre-emptive security measures across entire organizations,” reports Federal Computer Week. This new “approach represents a departure from the use of traditional closed-circuit TV systems that relay images to people who must notice security events and apply security policies consistently.… The systems aim to integrate all threat and response information into one alarm that will provide guards with all necessary information about the situation.” [View article]

Dual-benefit news archive

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Private-Sector News

Company Sues U.S. for Right to Test for Mad Cow (Des Moines [IA] Register) Creekstone Farms Premium Beef, a meatpacking company, “is suing government officials for the right to test its own cattle for mad cow disease,” reports the Des Moines Register. The lawsuit “seeks to force the U.S. Agriculture Department to allow … Creekstone to buy the test kits. The Agriculture Department argues that testing for mad cow disease is a government function and that there is no reason to test every animal. Testing cattle younger than 30 months of age, as Creekstone is proposing, would be misleading because the disease can’t be detected in cattle that young, said Nolan Hartwig, an expert on the disease for Iowa State University.… Allowing a private company to test cattle would unfairly suggest that its beef was safer than the products of a competitor that didn’t do the testing, he said.” [View article]

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Education

The Homeland Security Institute lists these education programs as a service to readers who may be interested; it does not endorse them or their courses.

New

Defending Democracy, Defeating Terrorism (27 May–7 June; Tel Aviv, Israel) The Foundation for the Defense of Democracies is offering an academic fellowship on terrorism. The course of study takes place in the classroom and in the field and features lectures by academics, diplomats, military and intelligence officials, and politicians from Israel, Jordan, India, Turkey, and the United States. It also features visits to military bases, border zones, and other security installations to learn the practical side of deterring terrorist attacks. [View course website]

Foundation for the Defense of Democracies Undergraduate Fellowship (29 July–13 August, Tel Aviv, Israel; 7-10 January 2007, Washington, DC) The foundation is seeking qualified candidates with a distinguished record of academic achievement and campus leadership to join the undergraduate fellowship program. Fellows will have an opportunity to hear from academics, politicians, intelligence and military officials, and diplomats from Israel, Jordan, India, Turkey, and the United States. [View course website]


Please submit events and educational programs by noon Wednesdays for consideration as items in that week’s newsletter.

Upcoming Events

New Events (After two weeks, new events will be moved to the list below, in chronological order)

Disaster Response and Preparedness From Hurricanes to Infectious Disease (19-21 April; New Orleans) This Distributed Medical Intelligence conference is designed to explore advanced techniques and technologies for improved medical response globally and will explore and identify practical solutions to maintaining continuity of operations in crisis. [View conference website]

Homeland Security Detect and Protect Showcase (20 April; Aberdeen, MD) The Maryland Technology Development Corporation, the Tech Council of Maryland, and the U.S. Army’s Aberdeen Proving Ground will host “Homeland Security: Detect and Protect, Novel Military Technologies for Commercial Use.” This technology transfer and federal marketplace event will showcase emerging technologies being developed in Aberdeen Proving Ground’s research laboratories that can be developed or commercialized by local companies. The program will include presentations of available joint research and patent license opportunities; ability to network with commercial, government, military and scientific leaders; examples of successful partnerships with Aberdeen Proving Ground; exhibits and a poster session that highlight partnership possibilities; and an overview of the contracting process and opportunities at Aberdeen Proving Ground. Technology transfer officials from the Maryland Technology Development Corp. will be available to provide information on state and federal funding programs that support technology transfer projects. Registration ends 13 April. [View conference website]

5th Intl. Counterterrorism Conference: Public and Private Partnerships (20-21 April; Washington, DC) International public safety officials will discuss border and transportation security, information sharing (interoperability), critical infrastructure, and maritime and mass-transportation security. Ronald Noble, Secretary General of Interpol, and Tom Ridge, former Secretary of Homeland Security, are keynote speakers. [View conference website]

Washington, DC, Summit on Pandemic Response (28 April; Washington, DC) City officials hope that this summit at Gallaudet University on pandemic influenza will draw hundreds of people from the city’s business, health care, education, and religious communities and continue the city’s preparation for a potential outbreak. Those interested in attending should call the Washington, DC, Health Department at (202) 442-9195.

4th Annual Homeland Security Contracting Opportunities Conference (11-12 May; Washington, DC) To bridge the gap between the government’s needs and the private sector’s ability to deliver goods and services, the Bureau of National Affairs presents this conference. Topics include “Top Priorities for DHS and the Private Sector,” “Homeland Security Spending Outlook,” regional requirements, “Small Business Contracting Opportunities,” and “Roles and Requirements of U.S. Armed Forces.” [View conference website]

Risks and Economic Impacts of Terrorism (17 May; Los Angeles) This conference, sponsored by the Homeland Security Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events, will focus on improving homeland security through risk-based decision making. Panel discussions and keynote presentations will feature policy makers, private industry leaders, and researchers. [View conference website]

Homeland Port Security Conference (7 June; New York) This conference sponsored by the U.S. Naval Institute will feature senior U.S. Navy and Coast Guard officers, as well as civilian, political, and business leaders, thrust into real-time simulations of simultaneous terrorist attacks against key maritime assets in the United States, requiring panelists to identify critical issues and challenges:

  • Lessons learned: How do agencies disseminate unclassified information?
  • Communication logistics during emergencies: Is everyone on the same page?
  • Command and control: Who’s in charge in a layered-response scenario?
  • Secure shipping: How do we monitor and secure the supply chain?
  • Terrorist attacks on commerce and energy: What are the financial implications?
[View conference website]

Terrorism Research Symposium (12-13 June; Denver) Law enforcement officials who deal with terrorism in their states, cities, and communities will learn what works to prevent and respond to terrorism. The conference is hosted by the National Institute of Justice’s International Center. Panelists will discuss research findings about common issues and invite state and local officials to describe their challenges and experiences in interactive, dynamic sessions. [View conference website]

4th TICS and TIMs Symposium (11-13 July; Richmond, VA) Scentczar’s symposium will provide an overview of perceived threats, equipment requirements, and tools for identifying, defending against, and remediating incidents involving toxic industrial chemicals and toxic industrial materials. [View conference website]

INFORMS Military Applications Society (24-26 July; Mystic, CT) The Military Applications Society, a technical arm of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, will hold a conference with the theme “Homeland Security for the 21st Century.” [Register online]

April

Southwest Homeland Security Conference (Phoenix; 18-19 April) Homeland security professionals, response agencies, and elected officials in the Southwestern states will focus on border security (interstate and international), terrorism prevention, catastrophe preparedness, public education and outreach, and Native American homeland security. [View conference website]

Terrorist Threats to Our Food Supply (21 April; Minneapolis) National experts from industry and academia will address public health responses, industry considerations, consumer perspectives, risk analysis, and defense. Featured speakers include Robert L. Buchanan (Food and Drug Administration), Michael T. Roberts (Univ. of Arkansas School of Law), Clay Detlefsen (International Dairy Foods Assn.), Caroline Smith DeWaal (Center for Science in the Public Interest), Asha M. George (DFI Government Services), Donald W. Schaffner (Rutgers Univ.), and Michael T. Osterholm (Univ. of Minnesota). Continuing education credits are available. Online registration, the full agenda, and further information are available at the conference website. For more information call (612) 625-0055 or email lawvalue@umn.edu. [View conference website]

Hospital Management of Chemical, Biological, Radiological/Nuclear, and Explosive Incidents (24-28 April; Aberdeen, MD) This course is designed for hospital-based medical professionals, including physicians, nurses, dentists, paramedical professionals, hospital administrators, medical planners, and others who plan, conduct, or have responsibility for hospital management of mass-casualty incidents or terrorism preparedness. Classroom instruction, scenarios, and tabletop exercises will equip military and civilian professionals with skills, knowledge, and information resources to carry out the full spectrum of healthcare-facility responsibilities required by a chemical, biological, radiological/nuclear, explosive, or other mass-casualty event. [View conference website]

Government Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams Conference (30 April–5 May; Orlando, FL) The conference theme this year is “GFIRST: A nation working together to secure cyberspace.” The conference will focus on ensuring training and disseminating and exchanging information among operational incident responders, chief information security officers, and other cybersecurity professionals. [View conference website]

May

General Police Equipment Exhibition & Conference (2-4 May; Leipzig, Germany) This is a fully closed specialized trade fair with accompanying international congress, meetings (partly open) and lecture programs catering to the police and allied security markets. With its exhibition and fringe events, it promotes the interministerial and interdisciplinary transfer of information between government offices and frontline forces; advising the security community on new products and product developments together with current trends in education and training; and enhancing public security, the fight against terrorism, and increased homeland security. [View conference website]

Intelcon (7-9 May; Bethesda, MD) Intelcon is a major, annual national conference and exposition on intelligence and the relationship between intelligence and national security. By combining a high-quality educational program, which emphasizes practical applications and techniques, with a full-scale vendor exposition, the event attracts a wide audience of intelligence professionals and vendors from the public and private sectors. [View conference website]

June

2006 Techno Security Conference (4-7 June; Myrtle Beach, SC) The conference will bring together private industry, government and law enforcement decision makers, and technical enthusiasts in the fields of information and network security, digital forensics, incident response, operational and physical security, auditing, and cyber-crime. Eight simultaneous tracks will feature interactive high-intensity training sessions, hands-on labs, professional certification opportunities, and networking opportunities. Topics will include homeland security; wireless security; web hacking; contingency planning; vulnerability assessments; incident response; computer, personal digital assistant, and enterprise forensics; password recovery and disk-wiping tools; intrusion prevention; Internet investigation techniques; street smarts for investigators; biometrics; and steganography. [View conference website]

Air & Port Security Expo Asia (13-14 June; Hong Kong) The conference, held at the AsiaWorld Expo, will feature a two-day aviation security conference, a two-day maritime security conference, and a two-day new technologies seminar. More than 60 suppliers of security equipment and services to the transportation sector are expected to exhibit, and over a thousand heads of security from airports, airlines, seaports, shipping, supply chain operatives, government agencies, and integrators of security are expected to attend. [View conference website]

6th International Conference on Complex Systems (25-30 June; Quincy, MA) This conference will investigate the properties or characteristics that appear to be common to the very different complex systems now under study and will encourage cross-fertilization among the many disciplines involved. [View conference website]

September

Air & Port Security Expo Europe (13-14 September; Brussels, Belgium) The conference will cover airport, port, supply chain industry, passenger, cargo, and terminal security. It will feature a two-day aviation security conference, two-day maritime security conference, and two-day new technologies and solutions seminar. More than 100 suppliers of security equipment and services to the transportation sector are expected to exhibit, and over 2,000 heads of security from airports, airlines, seaports, shipping, supply chain operatives, government agencies, and integrators of security are expected to attend. [View conference website]

U.S. Maritime Security Expo (19-20 September; New York) The expo will address the protection of ports, harbors, bridges, cargo containers, powerplants, offshore oil rigs, railroads, and cargo and passenger ships. [View conference website]


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Website of the Week

US-CERT

The U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team is a partnership between DHS and the public and private sectors. Established in 2003 to protect the nation’s Internet infrastructure, US-CERT coordinates defense against and responses to cyber-attacks across the nation. To promote computer security awareness, US-CERT has produced workplace posters available for downloading in PDF format.


Quote of the Week

Photo source: Natl. Archives

Nuclear Defense Is Still Lacking

“We still do not have a maximum effort against what everybody agrees is the most urgent threat to the American people.”

Hon. Thomas H. Kean
Former Chairman, Natl. Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the U.S.
Testimony before the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee)
28 March


Stats of the Week


BSE in the UK

The British Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has compiled statistics on BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, commonly called mad cow disease):

  • As of 1 February 2006, there had been 180,913 cases of BSE in the UK
  • 36,102 farms were affected
  • The epidemic has declined steadily from 2,256 confirmed cases in 1999 to 39 confirmed cases in 2005
  • 12,387 farms (35.1%) had one case of BSE; five had over 100 cases
  • Through 1987, there were 446 cases worldwide, all of them in the British Isles
  • Worldwide, the epidemic peaked in 1992, with 37,316 cases in six countries
  • In 2005, there were 548 cases worldwide in 18 countries
  • Through 2002, the majority of BSE cases were in Great Britain and Northern Ireland; since then, the majority have been spread among the other countries, notably Ireland, Spain, France, Portugal, and Germany

F CUS
on Mad Cow Disease

On 13 March, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced the confirmation of “mad cow disease” in a cow in Alabama—the eighth confirmed case in North American cattle and the second case this year. Mad cow disease is the common name for BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), a slow, progressive, degenerative, usually fatal disease affecting the central nervous system of adult cattle. BSE is named because of the spongy appearance of the infected brain tissue under microscopic examination. Research indicates that the acting agent is a prion, an abnormal form of a normal protein, that becomes infectious and accumulates in neural tissues. These abnormal prions are extremely resistant to common treatments such as heat, ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation, normal sterilization processes, and common disinfectants that normally kill viruses and bacteria.

BSE was first reported in 1986 in the United Kingdom. The origins of BSE remain uncertain, but cattle initially may have become infected via feed contaminated with scrapie-infected meal made from sheep meat and bones. Scrapie is a prion disease in sheep similar to BSE in cattle. Research shows strong evidence that the outbreak was amplified and spread throughout the UK cattle industry by feeding rendered bovine meat-and-bone meal to young calves.

The BSE epidemic in the UK peaked in January 1993 at almost 1,000 new cases per week. Through the end of April 2005, more than 184,000 cases of BSE had been confirmed in the United Kingdom in more than 35,000 herds.

Clinical signs in cattle affected by BSE may include changes in temperament, such as nervousness or aggression, abnormal posture, incoordination and difficulty in rising, decreased milk production, or loss of body weight despite continued appetite. Currently, there is no cure or treatment for BSE. The course of the disease varies from 2 weeks to 14 months, usually resulting in death or humane destruction within four months in countries where the disease is present. There is no evidence that BSE is a contagious disease or that the disease can be transmitted through direct contact or animal-to-animal spread. The primary means by which animals become infected is through consumption of contaminated feed. The incubation period is 30 months to 8 years, with a few rare exceptions in younger animals. Most cases in Britain occurred in dairy cows 3 to 6 years old.

There is no test to detect the disease in a live animal or in muscle meat. Veterinary pathologists confirm BSE by postmortem microscopic examination of brain tissue using laboratory techniques that take more than a week, but rapid tests can provide results in 36 to 48 hours to detect the abnormal prion in brain or spinal cord tissue of dead animals to determine whether BSE exists in a population and to indicate its prevalence or detect animals with the disease that are not yet showing clinical signs.

BSE belongs to a family of diseases known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In the United States, these include scrapie in sheep and goats, chronic wasting disease in deer and elk, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in mink, feline spongiform encephalopathy in cats, and, in humans, both classic and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, and fatal familial insomnia.

Human consumption of BSE-contaminated meat has been linked to a rare, degenerative, fatal brain disorder called variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). As of March 2006, 190 cases of vCJD have been reported worldwide; of these, 160 occurred in the UK. Two cases have been reported in the United States, but clear evidence showed that the disease was acquired in the UK. vCJD has also been reported in France, Canada, Ireland, and Italy.

It can be confirmed only through examination of brain tissue obtained by biopsy or at autopsy, but a “probable case” of vCJD can be diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria developed in the UK. The incubation period for vCJD is unknown because it is a relatively new disease. However, this incubation period will likely be measured in terms of many years or decades.

Since 1989, the Food and Drug Administration and other federal agencies have had ongoing regulatory measures in place to prevent BSE contamination of U.S. food and food products. Since 1997, the FDA has prohibited the use of most mammalian protein in the manufacture of ruminant feed. Similarly, the FDA has prohibited the use of the cattle materials that carry the highest risk of BSE in human food, including dietary supplements, and in cosmetics. The FDA’s rule also requires that food and cosmetics manufacturers and processors make available to the FDA any existing records relevant to their compliance with these prohibitions. Milk and milk products, hide and hide-derived products, and tallow derivatives are not considered prohibited cattle materials.

Since 1989, the USDA has prohibited the importation of live animals and animal products from BSE-positive countries and eventually expanded the ban to include both countries with BSE and countries at risk for BSE, and the agency issued a rule prohibiting certain cattle materials from being used as human food. The USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service says that current scientific research indicates that cooking, including microwaving, food will not kill the BSE agent, nor will irradiation. It also reports that BSE is not transmitted in cows’ milk, even if the milk comes from a cow with BSE.

The UK’s Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs reports that on 8 March, the European Union’s Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health favored lifting the embargo on UK exports of live cattle, beef, and beef products. The proposal will probably be adopted by the Commission in April.

In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that the cow in Alabama was a “downer” cow (non-ambulatory). The animal was euthanized by a local veterinarian and buried on the farm. According to the USDA, the cow did not enter the animal or human food chains. The USDA is working with Alabama animal health officials on an epidemiologic investigation to gather additional information about the age and herd of origin of this animal, which had resided on the Alabama farm for less than a year. The agency also will work to identify other cows born in the same herd within one year of the affected animal, as well as any offspring. In addition, the USDA is working with FDA officials to determine any feed history that may be relevant.

Sources of Information

Food and Drug Administration BSE page

FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition BSE Q&A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BSE page

USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service BSE page

USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service BSE page

UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Library of Congress BSE page


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